RHIC Run Overview

RUN OVERVIEW OF THE
RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER

[RHIC Collider Projections, latest version]
[RHIC summary table] [RHIC integrated L_NN plot] [RHIC time in store plot] [Hadron colliders peak luminosity plot]
[AtR Test (FY1995)] [Sextant Test (FY1997)] [Run-0 (FY1999)]
[Run-1 (FY2000)] [Run-2 (FY2001/02)] [Run-3 (FY2003)] [Run-4 (FY2004)] [Run-5 (FY2005) ]
[Run-6 (FY2006)] [Run-7 (FY2007) ] [Run-8 (FY2008)] [Run-9 (FY2009)] [Run-10 (FY2010)]
Fiscal years start on 1 October.	Data assembled by Wolfram Fischer. Last update: 18-Nov-2009.

RHIC operating modes and total integrated luminosity delivered to 5 experiments
Run	species	total particle energy [GeV/nucleon]	calendar time in physics	total delivered luminosity	average store polarization
Run-1 CY2000 FY2000	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	27.9	3 shifts	< 0.001μb^-1	—
Run-1 CY2000 FY2000	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	65.2	5.3 weeks	20 μb^-1	—
Run-2 CY2001/02 FY2001/02	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	15.9 weeks	258 μb^-1	—
	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	9.8	2 shifts	0.4 μb^-1	—
	polarized p-p	100.0	8.3 weeks total, no continous physics operation	1.4 pb^-1	14%
Run-3 CY2002/03 FY2003	d-Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	10.2 weeks	73 nb^-1	—
Run-3 CY2002/03 FY2003	polarized p-p	100.0	9.0 weeks total, no continous physics operation	5.5 pb^-1	34%
Run-4 CY2003/04 FY2004	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	12.0 weeks	3530 μb^-1	—
	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	31.2	9 days	67 μb^-1	—
	polarized p-p	100.0	6.1 weeks total, no continous physics operation	7.1 pb^-1	46%
Run-5 CY2004/05 FY2005	Cu²⁹⁺-Cu²⁹⁺	100.0	7.8 weeks	42.1 nb^-1	—
	Cu²⁹⁺-Cu²⁹⁺	31.2	12 days	1.5 nb^-1	—
	Cu²⁹⁺-Cu²⁹⁺	11.2	5 shifts	0.02 nb^-1	—
	polarized p-p	100.0	9.4 weeks	29.5 pb^-1	47%
	polarized p-p	204.9	2 stores	0.1 pb^-1	30%
Run-6 CY2006 FY2006	polarized p-p	100.0	13.1 weeks	88.6 pb^-1	55%
Run-6 CY2006 FY2006	polarized p-p	31.2	12 days	1.05 pb^-1	50%
Run-7 CY2006/07 FY2006	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	12.8 weeks	7250 μb^-1	—
Run-7 CY2006/07 FY2006	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	4.6	3 shifts total, no continous physics operation	test only	—
Run-8 CY2007/08 FY2008	d-Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	9.0 weeks	437 nb^-1	—
	polarized p-p	100.0	3.4 weeks	38.4 pb^-1	44%
	Au⁷⁹⁺-Au⁷⁹⁺	4.6	3 shifts	—	—
Run-9 CY2008/09 FY2009	pol. p-p	250.0	4.1 weeks	110.4 pb^-1	34%
	polarized p-p	100.0	9.9 weeks	114.0 pb^-1	56%
	polarized pp2pp	100.0	3.5 days	0.6 nb^-1	63%

RHIC nucleon-pair luminosity delivered to PHENIX

Note 1: The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as L_NN = A₁A₂L, where L is the luminosity, and A₁ and A₂ are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively.
Note 2: The area is not indicative of the delivered luminosity. This display form is merely chosen to show the length of the runs.
Note 3: The polarization number shown for the proton runs is the average store polarization achieved.

Note: The time in store is measured from the lumi-on to the the lumi-off events. The lumi-on event comes after rebucketing but before collision steering and before collimation. Calendar time, including scheduled maintenance and accelerator physics experiments, is used to calculate the fractional time in store. The experiments use the time in store to a varying degree.

Note: For ion collisions the nucleon-pair luminosity is shown. The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as L_NN = A₁A₂L, where L is the luminosity, and A₁ and A₂ are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively.

RHIC Runs

Run-10 CY2009/10 FY2010

	Mode 1A: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: Expected to begin 5-Dec-2009
	Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: first use of Blue longitudinal stochastic cooling, Yellow longitudinal stochastic cooling upgraded with microwave link, first use of Blue and Yellow vertical stochastic cooling, 0.5 Hz orbit feedback on ramp, test of 10 Hz orbit feedback at store, β^*reduced to 0.6 m (?), IBS suppression lattice in both rings, separation of γ_tr by 1.2 s, new auto transformer to reduce flattop-to-ramp MMPS glitches, ...
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
					×10²⁶	×10²⁶
	γ injection: 10.52		γ store: 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]	Luminosity [rel. to Run-7]
	PHENIX			×
	STAR			×
	Time in store:


Run-9 CY2008/09 FY2009	Retreat at end of Run-9, 07/15/2009 - 07/17/2009, Montauk [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy for pp2pp [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 06/29/2009 - 07/04/2009 (5 days total, 3.5 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first operation with β^* = 20 m.
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	90/64 colliding 90/88 colliding	50	20 1.0	15-20	0.3×10³⁰6×10³⁰	0.2×10³⁰4×10³⁰	0.1 pp2pp 1.5 PHENIX
	Average store polarization: 62% in Blue, 63% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	593	vertical polarization
	pp2pp / STAR	20	25	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 67% (only 4 stores between 10 h and 17 h length)

	Mode 1B: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 04/15/2009 - 06/29/2009 (74 days total, 69 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first tests of AGS horizontal quadrupole jump system to increase polarization, tests of new low level rf system, test of transverse stochastic cooling in Yellow vertical plane with low intensity proton bunch, tests of dedicated spin flipper in Blue ring, all RHIC service buildings with A/C, first operational use of 10- and 12-poles.
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	135	0.7	15-20	50×10³⁰	28×10³⁰	8.3
	Average store polarization: 56% in Blue, 57% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]	Luminosity [rel. to Run-6]
	PHENIX	0.7	60.7	1.4×	longitudinal polarization
	STAR	0.7	53.5	1.2×	longitudinal polarization
	Time in store: 54%

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 250.0 GeV particle energy [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 02/07/2009 - 04/15/09 (67 days total, 29 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first collision of polarized proton beam to 250 GeV, LEBT/MEBT modified to reduce emittance growth through better matching into Linac, modification of Booster injection (smaller β at injection foil) to reduce emittance growth, new AGS main magnet power supply transformer, re-alignment of magnets near snakes for better angle control, setup in 5 weeks (2 weeks longer than planned), 2 mrad crossing angle (beam-to-beam) in IP2 and IP10 to reduce number of DX training quenches (6 DX training quenches), test of new 9 MHz rf system (single cavity for both rings) for acceleration (not yet usable because Yellow beam cannot respond to diples main ps switch-over from flattop to ramp supply and back), use of main quadrupole ramp ps at injection already, first use of 4-knob nonlinear chromaticity correction (unlike HARMON it also reduces resonance driving terms), upgraded CNI polarimeters in RHIC with number of targets doubled, triplet 10 Hz cold mass measurements and test of active cold mass damping.
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	110	0.7	18-23	85×10³⁰	55×10³⁰	18.4
	Average store polarization: 33% in Blue, 36% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 266.447
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	57.8	primarily with longtudinal polarization
	STAR	0.7	52.6	primarily with longtudinal polarization
	Time in store: 53%


Run-8 CY2007/08 FY2008	Retreat at end of Run-8, 03/31/2008 - 04/02/2008, Montauk [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 3B: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy
	Summary presentation (at RHIC Retreat): T. Satogata, "Run-8: Low energy"
	Beam operation: 03/11/2008 - 03/12/2008 (15 h)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: stored some beam in Yellow ring with γ = 2.685, unbunched with peak intensity 0.05×10⁹ and lifetime of 2 min, single bunch beam with peak intensity 0.01×10⁹ and lifetime of 2 s, orbit correction very difficult

	Mode 3A: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 03/10/2008 - 03/11/2008 (31 h)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments: STAR experiment collected a few thousand events for physics
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.4	10	40-60	3.5×10²³	1.2×10²³	—
	γ injection: 4.931		γ store: 4.931
	Time in store: (very short run)

	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-8 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, N. Abreu, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D. Barton, A. Bazilevski, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, J. Morris, B. Oerter, H. Okada, F. Pilat, P. Pile, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton performance in Run-8", proceedings of the 2008 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Genoa, Italy (2008).
	Beam operation: 01/29/2008 - 03/10/2008 (41 days total, 24 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: nonlinear chromaticity correction, tested near integer working point in Blue (not used in operation due to large 10 Hz orbit oscillations in triplets), tested β^*= 65 cm (not used in operation), test of 10- and 12-pole correctors to reduce background
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	150	1.0	20-25	35×10³⁰	23×10³⁰	7.5
	Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 40% in Yellow (final H-jet measurements)
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	19.2	predominantly ver. polarization
	STAR	1.0	19.2	ver. polarization
	Time in store: 60% (no rotator ramps for most part of the run)

	Mode 1: d at 101.9 GeV/nucleon on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-8 d-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C.J. Gardner, N.P. Abreu, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, P. Cameron, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, A. DellaPenna, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J.W. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, E. Pozdeyev, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, K.L. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Setup and performance of RHIC for the 2008 run with deuteron-gold collisions", proceedings of the 2008 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Genoa, Italy (2008).
	Beam operation: 11/08/2007 - 01/28/2008 (80 days total, 63 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christopher (Kip) Gardner
	Major accomplishments and events: increased length of NEG coated beam pipes by 56 m (to 532 m total), kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown again, Blue ring cool-down from 100K to 4K in 10 days, Yellow in another 2 days, Yellow ring lattice for gold beam with higher tunes to reduce IBS (Blue ring has a bus problem that currently prevents higher tunes -- not critical for deuterons), β^* reduced to 0.85 m compared to 2 m in Run-3, periodic orbit corrections in store introduced (every 1/2 hour), service building 1004B with A/C
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	95	100d / 1.0Au	0.85	16-28	27×10²⁸	13.5×10²⁸	40
	γ injection: 11.150		γ store: 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [nb^-1]	Luminosity [rel. to Run-3]
	PHENIX	0.85	238	9.8×
	STAR	0.89	199	10.1×
	Time in store: 58%


Run-7 CY2006/07 FY2007	Retreat at end of Run-7, 07/16/2007 - 07/17/2007, Two Trees Inn, Connecticut [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1B: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, W. Jappe, R.C. Lee, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, R. Michnoff, B. Oerter, E. Pozdeyev, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and N. Tsoupas, "RHIC challenges for low energy operations", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2007).
	Beam operation: 06/06/2007 - 06/07/2007 (24 h total)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: stored and collided Au beams at half the normal injection energy, measured luminosity, a few hundred events recorded by STAR
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.4	10.0	40-60	4×10²³	0.6×10²³	—
	γ injection: 4.931		γ store: 4.931
	Time in store: (test of low energy running)

	Mode 1A: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: A. Drees, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, and S.Y. Zhang, "Summary of the RHIC performance during the FY07 heavy ion run", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico (2007).
	Beam operation: 02/19/2007 - 06/26/07 (125 days total, 90 days for physics, excluding 1 day for Mode 1B)
	Run Coordinator: Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown, no DX training required, increased the total length of NEG coated beam pipes in warm regions by 45 m to 475 m, horizontal realignment in locations of large orbit corrector strength, 8 sextupole families per ring for nonlinear chromaticity correction (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au), AGS operation with Au³¹⁺ instead of Au³²⁺ in previous years (yields about 20% intensity gain), new BtA stripping foil (Al+glassy carbon instead of carbon) reduces bunch area at AGS injection from 0.40 eV.s/nucleon to 0.23 eV.s/nucleon, new AtR stripping foil (W instead of Al oxide) reduces intensity loss by about 4%, start-up/ramp-up in 2 weeks (1/2 less than planned), first use of beam scrubbing for operational purposes (2 hours at injection to alleviate dynamic pressure rise at transition), first operational use of orbit feedback at IP6 and IP8 (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au), voltage dip from 300 kV to 150 kV at transition, first operational use of stochastic cooling (in Yellow ring), NSRL and AGS operation concurrent with entire RHIC run
	Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	103	1.1	0.83/0.77	17-35	30×10²⁶	12×10²⁶	380
	γ injection: 10.520		γ store: 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]	Luminosity [rel. to Run-4]
	PHENIX	0.85	3270	2.6×
	STAR	0.85	3100	2.6×
	MonoPole	5.0	610	—	experimental test apparatus at IP2
	IP10	5.0	270	—	test of LHC luminostiy monitor at IP10
	Time in store: 48%


Run-6 CY2005/06 FY2006	Retreat at end of Run-6, 07/10/2006 - 07/12/2006, Shelter Island [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1D: polarized p on polarized p at 250.0 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/20/06 - 06/26/06 (6 days total, no physics operation)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments: accelerated both beam to 250 GeV, 45% Blue beam polarization at store (no colliding beams)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	28	90	1.5	25	—	—	—
	Average store polarization: 45% in Blue, zero in Yellow
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 266.477

	Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 31.2 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/20/06 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first use of spin rotators at low energy
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	90	3.0	20-30	2×10³⁰	1×10³⁰	0.22
	Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 49% in Yellow
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 33.253
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.380	vertical and longitudinal polarization (about 50% each)
	STAR	3.0	0.325	vertical polarization
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.340	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 50%

	Mode 1B: p on p at 11.25 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/06/06 (25 h total)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: first injection, storage and collision of beams with rigidity of approximately half the normal injection rigidity
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	28	75	10	30	1.7×10²⁸	0.6×10²⁸	--
	Average store polarization: 41% in Blue, 32% in Yellow
	γ injection: 11.99		γ store: 11.99
	Time in store: (test for low energy ion collisions)

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh (2006).
	Beam operation: 02/07/06 - 06/05/06 (119 days total, 92 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: total of 430 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions, pre-pumping in arcs lowered pressure to 10^-6 - 10^-7 Torr before cool-down, complete vertical re-alignment of both RHIC rings, STAR shielding installed, lowered injection energy to allow for better spin matching with the AGS cold snake, first operational use of the AGS cold snake, cool-down from 80 K to 4 K in 11 days (3 days less than planned), use of combined tune and coupling feedback for ramp development Major disruption: machine was off for one week following an arc flash incident in a switch of the STAR magnet electrical system
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	135	1.0	18-23	28×10³⁰	18×10³⁰	6.5
	Average store polarization: 52% in Blue, 57% in Yellow (final H-jet measurements)
	γ injection: 25.379		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]	Luminosity [rel. to Run-5]
	PHENIX	1.0	43.6	3.6×	hor. and long. polarization recorded number of 45.9 pb^-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for singel accidentals
	STAR	1.0	44.9	3.7×	hor. and long. polarization ecorded number of 47.3 pb^-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for singel accidentals
	BRAHMS	10.0	0.1		ver. polarization, for Mode 1B preparation
	Time in store: 46% (50% excluding 1 week of downtime due to an arc flash incident)


Run-5 CY2004/05 FY2005	Retreat at end of Run-5, 06/15/2005 - 06/17/2005, Shelter Island [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 2B: polarized p on polarized p at 204.9 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, T. Roser, L. Ahrens, I. G. Alekseev, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J. M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, R. Gill, J. Glenn, W. Haeberli, H. Huang, O. Jinnouchi, J. Kewisch, A. Luccio, Y. Luo, I. Nakagawa, H. Okada, F. Pilat, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satgata, E. Stephenson, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, T. Wise, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S. Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton collisions at 205 GeV at RHIC", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 174801 (2006).
	Beam operation: 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 (4 days total, 2 stores for physics - primarily for PHOBOS)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai
	Major accomplishments and events: ramp setup for higher energy in 3 days, first acceleration and storage of polarized protons beyond 100 GeV
	Achieved beam parameters:

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	56	60	2.0	25-50	3×10³⁰	1.5×10³⁰	0.5
	Average store polarization: 30%
	γ injection: 25.936		γ store: 218.368
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	0.05
	STAR	2.0	0.05
	PHOBOS	10.0	0.01
	Time in store: (only 2 consecutive stores)

	Mode 2A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, J. Butler, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, P. Oddo, J. Osamu, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, I.G. Alekseev, and D. Svirida, "Polarized proton collisions at RHIC", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/25/05 - 06/24/05 (66 days for physics, excluding 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 for Mode 2B)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: polarized source upgraded with new superconducting solenoid, 60% polarization at AGS extraction, first acceleration of polarized protons in AGS with cold snake (10¹¹ protons per bunch, 50% polarization at AGS extraction) - not yet used for physics, 3 weeks of set-up and ramp-up, operation with up to 111 bunches per ring, increased store polarization by 5%, more calibration data with H-jet, 56% of calendar time in store
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	106	90	1.0	30-35	10×10³⁰	7×10³⁰	1.9
	Average store polarization: 49% in Blue, 45% in Yellow (final H-Jet measurements)
	γ injection: 25.936		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]^*
	PHENIX	1.0	12.6 (0.65)
	STAR	1.0	12.7 (0.66)
	BRAHMS	3.0	4.2 (0.19)
	^*Amount in brackets denotes delivered luminosity with vertical polarization, the remainder was delivered with longitudinal polarization.
	Time in store: 56% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1C: Cu²⁹⁺ on Cu²⁹⁺ at 11.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
	Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/22/05 - 03/24/05 (42 hours total, 39 hours for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
	Major accomplishments and events: 82% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity, large emittance, and luminosity lifetime of about 0.5h)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	56	3.8	3.0	50-50	2.5×10²⁶	0.5×10²⁶	0.02
	γ injection: 12.075		γ store: 12.075
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.006
	STAR	3.0	0.006
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.002
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.004
	Time in store: 82% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1B: Cu²⁹⁺ on Cu²⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
	Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/07/05 - 03/22/05 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
	Major accomplishments and events: 74% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity)
	Achieved beam parameters:

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	42	3.1	3.0	15-30	0.10×10²⁸	0.08×10²⁸	0.28
	γ injection: 12.075		γ store: 33.540
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [nb^-1]
PHENIX	3.0	0.52
STAR	3.0	0.47
BRAHMS	5.0	0.30
PHOBOS	5.0	0.25
Time in store: 74% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

Mode 1A: Cu²⁹⁺ on Cu²⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, Tennessee (2005).
Beam operation: 11/23/04 - 03/07/05 (104 days total, 55 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
Major accomplishments and events: 252 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions, start-up/ramp-up in 2.5 weeks (1.5 weeks less than planned, excluding 4 weeks repair of bus shorts in Yellow ring), injectors delivered enough bunch intensity to run at beam-beam limit with 4 experiments, β^* reduced to 0.9m at STAR
Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
37/35	4.5	1.0/0.9	15-30	2×10²⁸	0.8×10²⁸	2.4
γ injection: 12.075		γ store: 107.502
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [nb^-1]
PHENIX	1.0	15.2
STAR	0.9	15.0
BRAHMS	2.5	6.2
PHOBOS	2.5	5.7
Time in store: 52% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)


Run-4 CY2003/04 FY2004	Retreat after Run-4, 07/07/2004 - 07/08/2004, Port Jefferson [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-4 p-p web site] (development run, not primarily for physics)
	Summary paper: M. Bai, R. Tomas, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, A. Drees, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, W. Fischer, U. Iriso, H. Huang, Y. Luo, F. Pilat, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, R. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, "RHIC polarized proton new working point commissioning", submitted to the proceedings of 16th International Spin Physics Symposium, Trieste, Italy (2004).
	Beam operation: 04/02/2004 - 05/15/2004 (43 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: new AGS warm snake increases AGS polarization by 20%, maximum polarization from AGS 50% (consistently 45%), maximum polarization in RHIC at store 45% (consistently 40%), polarized H-jet commissioned and operated for calibration of RHIC proton-Carbon polarimeters, peak luminosity in excess of 10³¹cm^-2s^-1 at 2 experiments and no polarization, repeated stores with 40% average polarization and 4·10³⁰cm^-2s^-1 average luminosity at 4 experiments, new working point (0.69,0.68) commissioned
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	56	70	1.0	20	6×10³⁰	4×10³⁰	0.9
	Average store polarization: 46% in Blue and Yellow
	γ injection: 25.936		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	3.0
	STAR	1.0	3.2
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.3
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.6
	Time in store: (no continuous physics operation)

	Mode 1B: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-4 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. Delong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H. Huang, H.C. Hseuh, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, G. Marr, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, C. Pearson, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, N. Tsoupas, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zhang, S.Y. Zhang, J. van Zeijts, and the RHIC Operations Team "Luminosity increases in gold-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the 2004 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Lucerne (2004).
	Beam operation: 03/24/2004 - 04/02/2004 (9 days total, 9 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Wolfram Fischer
	Major accomplishments and events: set-up in less than 2 days (largely during Mode 1A), 65% of calendar time in store
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	45	1.0	3.0	15-30	1.2×10²⁶	0.6×10²⁶	20
	γ injection: 10.520		γ store: 33.508
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	21.8
	STAR	3.0	20.7
	BRAHMS	5.0	12.2
	PHOBOS	5.0	12.3
	Time in store: 65% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1A: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-4 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. Delong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H. Huang, H.C. Hseuh, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, G. Marr, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, C. Pearson, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, N. Tsoupas, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zhang, S.Y. Zhang, J. van Zeijts, and the RHIC Operations Team "Luminosity increases in gold-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the 2004 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Lucerne (2004).
	Beam operation: 11/26/2003 - 03/24/2004 (118 days total, 84 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Wolfram Fischer
	Major accomplishments and events: start-up/ramp-up in 4 weeks (1 less than planned), consistently high bunch intensity (>10⁹ Au ions) delivered by injectors, 53% of calendar time in store, reliable and almost complete rebucketing, first use of secondary collimators, luminosity steering and collimator setting time reduced to 10min, orbit correction after each ramp, dedicated Landau cavities, 2-stage collimation, PHENIX shielding installed, 57 m of NEG coated beam pipes and 64m of solenoids installed
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	45	1.1	1.0	15-40	15×10²⁶	5×10²⁶	160
	γ injection: 10.520		γ store: 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]	Luminosity [rel. to Run-2]
	PHENIX	1.0	1260	14×	Recorded number of 1370 μb^-1reduced by 8% after Run-7 to account for single accidentals
	STAR	1.0	1170	20×	Recorded number of 1270 μb^-1reduced by 8% after Run-7 to account for single accidentals
	BRAHMS	3.0	560	13×
	PHOBOS	3.0	540	7×
	Time in store: 53% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)


Run-3 CY2002/03 FY2003	Retreat after Run-3, 06/10/2003 - 06/12/2003, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-3 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: H. Huang, L. Ahrens, J.G. Alessi, I. Alekseev, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, S. Bravar, M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, G. Bunce, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, W. Glenn, G. Igo, O. Jinnochi, A.U. Luccio, W. MacKay, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, H. Spinka, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, D. Underwood, J. van Zeijts, J. Wood, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton acceleration at the Brookhaven AGS and RHIC", proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, Oregon (2003).
	Beam operation: 03/26/2003 - 05/30/2003 (63 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Haixin Huang
	Major accomplishments and events: source polarization of 70-75%, AGS polarization of 40%, longitudinal spin rotators commissioned for PHENIX and STAR, Yellow ring polarization maintained with crippled snake
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	55	70	1.0	20	6×10³⁰	4×10³⁰	0.6
	Average store polarization: 39% in Blue, 30% in Yellow
	γ injection: 25.936		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	2.0
	STAR	1.0	2.5
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.6
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.4
	pp2pp (IR2)	10.0	< 0.1	special run 05/19/2004 - 05/21/2004
	Time in store: 41% of calendar time (last 23 days of physics operation)

	Mode 1: d at 101.9 GeV/nucleon on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-3 d-Au web site]
	Summary article: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R.P. Fliller III, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, U. Iriso-Ariz, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and D. Trbojevic, "Commissioning of the RHIC deuteron-gold collisions", proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, Oregon, BNL-69612-CP (2003).
	Beam operation: 12/03/2002 - 03/24/2003 (111 days total, 71 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: first asymmetric collisions, injection with equal revolution frequency (found strong effects from modulated beam-beam interaction with injection with equal rigidity), first operation with 110 bunches (lead to unacceptable vacuum and subsequent background problems), Landau cavity in Blue ring for deuterons (one of the storage cavities), coherence monitor
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	55	110d / 0.7Au	2.0	13-25	7×10²⁸	3×10²⁸	4.6
	γ injection: 11.663 (both beams)			γ store: 107.396 (both beams)
	Note: Injection with same rigidity for both beams, and thus different revolution frequencies, lead to unacceptable beam lifetime due to modulated beam-beam interaction.
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	24.2
	STAR	2.0	19.7
	BRAHMS	2.0, 3.0	15.8
	PHOBOS	2.0, 4.0, 3.0	13.4
	Time in store: 32% of calendar time (last 27 days of physics operation)


Run-2 CY2001/02 FY2001/02	Retreat after Run-2, 03/05/2002 - 03/07/2002, Montauk [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.0 GeV particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Summary article: T. Roser, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, E.D. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R. Fliller III, W. Glenn, H. Huang, A.U. Luccio, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, A. Deshpande, K. Kurita, K. Krueger, H. Spinka, D. Underwood, M. Syphers, I. Alekseev, D. Svirida, V. Ranjbar, J. Tojo, O. Jinnouchi, M. Okamura and N. Saito, "First polarized proton collisions at RHIC", Workshop on Increasing the AGS Polarization, University of Michigan (2002).
	Beam operation: 11/28/2001 - 01/25/2002 (58 days)
	Run Coordinator: Waldo MacKay
	Major accomplishments and events: all 4 Siberian snakes commissioned, first ever collisions of polarized proton beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	55	70	3.0	25	2×10³⁰	1×10³⁰	0.3
	Average store polarization: 12% in Blue, 17% in Yellow
	γ injection: 25.936		γ store: 106.597
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.35
	STAR	3.0	0.47
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.30
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.30
	pp2pp	10.0	< 0.001	special run 01/24/2002 - 01/25/2002 (4 shifts)
	Time in store: 30% of calendar time (last 24 days of physics operation)

	Mode 1B: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Beam operation: 11/25/2001 - 11/26/2001 (3 shifts total, 2 shifts for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: set-up of collisions at injection in 6 hours, average refill times of less than 10 min
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	55	0.6	3.0	15	8×10²⁴	2×10²⁴	1
	γ injection: 10.520		γ store: 10.520
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.1
	STAR	3.0	0.1
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.1
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.1
	Time in store: (only hours of physics operation)

	Mode 1A: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Summary article: D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R. Fliller III, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, C. Montag, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, and J. van Zeijts, "Commissioning of RHIC at 100 GeV/nucleon", proceedings of the 2002 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Paris, BNL-69008 (2002).
	Beam operation: 05/24/2001 - 11/25/2001 (185 days total, 111 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Dejan Trbojevic
	Major accomplishments and events: first Au-Au collisions at full energy, luminosity reached design value (2·10²⁶cm^-2s^-1 average per store), γ_t-jump commissioned, octupoles for transition crossing, β-squeeze along the energy ramp, β^* at PHENIX reduced to 1m, operated with 1.8mrad total crossing angle at BRHAMS (later reduced to 0.9mrad), storage cavities commissioned, gap cleaning introduced, Landau cavities tested, electronic logbook introduced
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	55	0.6	1.0	15-40	4×10²⁶	1.5×10²⁶	24
	γ injection: 10.520		γ store: 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0, 2.0, 1.0	93
	STAR	3.0, 2.0	59
	BRAHMS	3.0, 2.0	44
	PHOBOS	3.0, 2.0	62
	Time in store: 26% of calendar time (last 21 days of physics operation)


Run-1 CY2000 FY2000	Retreat after Run-1, 11/16/2000 - 11/17/2000, University at Stony Brook [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p at 24.3 GeV and 25.1 GeV particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Summary article: W. MacKay, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Deshpande, A. Drees, W. Fischer, H. Huang, K. Kurita, A. Lehrach, A. Luccio, Y. Makdisi, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, N. Saito, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, BNL; H. Spinka, D. Underwood ANL; D. Svirida, I. Alekseev, V. Kanavets ITEP, Moscow; B. Lozowski, V. Ranjbar, Indiana University; J. Tojo, K. Imai Kyoto University; D. Fields, University of New Mexico, "Commissioning and future plans for polarized protons in RHIC", proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, BNL-67938 (2001).
	Beam operation: 09/07/2000 - 09/19/2000 (12 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: one Siberian snake commissioned in Blue ring, proton-Carbon CNI polarimeters commissioned, polarized beam stored and accelerated from Gγ = 46.5 to Gγ = 48, used working point (0.11,0.13)
	γ injection: 25.936

	Mode 1B: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 65.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Summary article: D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, M. Bai, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, A. Drees, R.P. Fliller, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, A. Lehrach, W. MacKay, J. Kewisch, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, T. Shea, K. Smith. S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, and J. van Zeijts, "Commissioning of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider", proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, BNL-67969 (2001).
	Beam operation: 06/13/2000 - 09/02/2000 (81 days total, 37 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: first collisions at higher energies, first use of collimators
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.5	3.0	15	3×10²⁵	1.7×10²⁵	4
	γ injection: 10.250 (not a typo)			γ store: 70.000
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	7
	STAR	8.0	3
	BRAHMS	3.0	7
	PHOBOS	8.0	3

	Mode 1A: Au⁷⁹⁺ on Au⁷⁹⁺ at 27.9 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Beam operation: 03/20/2000 - 06/13/2000 (86 days total, last 3 shifts for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: first acceleration of both beams, transition crossing with fast radial change, first collisions of gold beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	6	0.1	3.0	15	0.001	<0.001	0.003
	γ injection: 10.250 (not a typo)			γ store: 30.000
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	Experiment	β^* [m]	Luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	<0.001
	STAR	3.0	<0.001
	BRAHMS	3.0	<0.001
	PHOBOS	3.0	<0.001


Run-0 CY1999 FY1999	Retreat after Run-0, 09/16/2000 - 09/17/2000, University at Stony Brook [Retreat web site]
	Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-0 web site]
	Beam operation: 06/07/1999 - 08/16/1999 (70 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Steve Peggs
	Major accomplishments and events: beam stored in Blue ring for 45 min, beam stored in Yellow ring for thousands of turns, beam accelerated in Blue ring by 1 GeV/nucleon
	γ injection: 12.09


Sextant Test CY1997/98 FY1997	Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Sextant Test web site]
	Summary paper: J. Wei, W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. M. Brennan, K. Brown, R. Connolly, G. F. Dell, M. Harrison, J. Kewisch, W. W. MacKay, V. Mane, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, P. Thompson, C. G. Trahern, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, "RHIC sextant test - physics and performance", proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BNL-63918 (1997). F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, R Connolly, G.F. Dell, W. Fischer, J. Kewisch, W. MacKay, V. Mane, S. Peggs, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, P. Thompson, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Wei, "RHIC sextant test - accelerator systems and performance", proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BNL-63916 (1997).
	Beam operation: 12/09/1997 - 02/02/1998 (55 days total)
	Test Coordinator: Steve Peggs
	Major accomplishments and events: transported Yellow beam to end of sector 4 arc, tested instrumentation, measured beam and line properties
	γ injection: 12.15


AtR Test CY1995 FY1995	Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.7 GeV/nucleon particle energy [AtR Test web site]
	Summary paper: W.W. MacKay, L. Ahrens, M. Brennan, K. Brown. T. Clifford, R. Connolly, F. Dell, D.P. Deng, L. Hoff, J. Kewisch, G. Kaldonado, B. Martin, R. Olsen, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, T. Robinson, S. Sathe, T. Satogata, D. Shea, T.J. Shea, M. Tanaka, P. Thompson, S. Tepikian, C.G. Trahern, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Wei, R. Witkover, P. Zhou, "AGS to RHIC transfer line - design and commissioning", proceedings of the 1996 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Sitges, Spain (1996).
	Beam operation: 11/06/1995 - 12/19/1995 (43 days total)
	Test Coordinator: Waldo MacKay
	Major accomplishments and events: transported beam to W-dump, tested instrumentation, measured beam and line properties
	γ injection: 12.6