RHIC Run Overview

RUN OVERVIEW OF THE
RELATIVISTIC HEAVY ION COLLIDER

[RHIC Collider Projections, latest version] [RHIC summary table]
[RHIC integrated luminosity plot L_NN (heavy ions)] [RHIC integrated luminosity plot L (polarized protons)]
[RHIC time in store plot] [Hadron colliders peak luminosity plot]
[AtR Test (FY1995)] [Sextant Test (FY1997)] [Run-0 (FY1999)]
[Run-1 (FY2000) ] [Run-2 (FY2001/02)] [Run-3 (FY2003) ] [Run-4 (FY2004) ] [Run-5 (FY2005) ]
[Run-6 (FY2006) ] [Run-7 (FY2007) ] [Run-8 (FY2008) ] [Run-9 (FY2009) ] [Run-10 (FY2010)]
[Run-11 (FY2011)] [Run-12 (FY2012) ] [Run-13 (FY2013)]
Fiscal years start on 1 October.	Data assembled by Wolfram Fischer. Last update: 28-Apr-2013.

RHIC operating modes and total integrated luminosity delivered to 6 experiments
Run	species	total particle energy [GeV/nucleon]	calendar time in physics	total delivered luminosity	average store polarization, (H-jet)^*
Run-1 CY2000, FY2000 33.6 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	27.9	3 shifts	< 0.001μb^-1	—
Run-1 CY2000, FY2000 33.6 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	65.2	5.3 weeks	20 μb^-1	—
Run-2 CY2001/02, FY2001/02 40.7 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	15.9 weeks	258 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	9.8	2 shifts	0.4 μb^-1	—
	polarized p—p	100.2	8.3 weeks total, no continous physics operation	1.4 pb^-1	14%
Run-3 CY2002/03, FY2003 30.4 cryo-weeks	d—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.7—100.0	10.2 weeks	73 nb^-1	—
Run-3 CY2002/03, FY2003 30.4 cryo-weeks	polarized p—p	100.2	9.0 weeks total, no continous physics operation	5.5 pb^-1	34%
Run-4 CY2003/04, FY2004 26.7 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	12.0 weeks	3.53 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	31.2	9 days	67 μb^-1	—
	polarized p—p	100.2	6.1 weeks total, no continous physics operation	7.1 pb^-1	46%
Run-5 CY2004/05, FY2005 31.4 cryo-weeks	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺—⁶³Cu²⁹⁺	100.0	7.8 weeks	42.1 nb^-1	—
	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺—⁶³Cu²⁹⁺	31.2	12 days	1.5 nb^-1	—
	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺—⁶³Cu²⁹⁺	11.2	5 shifts	0.02 nb^-1	—
	polarized p—p	100.2	9.4 weeks	29.5 pb^-1	47%
	polarized p—p	204.9	2 stores	0.1 pb^-1	30%
Run-6 CY2006, FY2006 21.2 cryo-weeks	polarized p—p	100.2	13.1 weeks	88.6 pb^-1	55%
Run-6 CY2006, FY2006 21.2 cryo-weeks	polarized p—p	31.2	12 days	1.05 pb^-1	50%
Run-7 CY2006/07, FY2006 18.4 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	12.8 weeks	7.25 nb^-1	—
Run-7 CY2006/07, FY2006 18.4 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	4.6	3 shifts total, no continous physics operation	small	—
Run-8 CY2007/08, FY2008 19.2 cryo-weeks	d—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.7—100.0	9.0 weeks	437 nb^-1	—
	polarized p—p	100.2	3.4 weeks	38.4 pb^-1	44%
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	4.6	3 shifts	small	—
Run-9 CY2008/09, FY2009 22.3 cryo-weeks	polarized p—p	249.9	4.1 weeks	110 pb^-1	34%
	polarized p—p	100.2	9.9 weeks	114 pb^-1	56%
	polarized pp2pp	100.2	3.5 days	0.6 nb^-1	63%
Run-10 CY2009/10, FY2010 27.6 cryo-weeks	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	10.9 weeks	10.3 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	31.2	2.9 weeks	544 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	19.5	1.8 weeks	206 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	3.85	4.6 weeks	4.23 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	5.75	1.4 weeks	7.8 μb^-1	—
Run-11 CY2010/11, FY2011 25.4 cryo-weeks	polarized p—p	249.9	9.7 weeks	166 pb^-1	48%
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	9.8	1.4 weeks	33.2 μb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	100.0	6.4 weeks	9.79 nb^-1	—
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	13.5	8 days	63.1 μb^-1	—
Run-12 CY2011/12, FY2012 23.6 cryo-weeks	polarized p—p	100.2	4.4 weeks	74.0 pb^-1	59%
	polarized p—p	254.9	4.9 weeks	283 pb^-1	52%
	²³⁸U⁹²⁺—²³⁸U⁹²⁺	96.4	3.1 weeks	736 μb^-1	—
	⁶³Cu²⁹⁺—¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺	99.9—100.0	5.4 weeks	27.0 nb^-1	—
Run-13 CY2012/13, FY2012 (15 cryo-weeks planned)	polarized p—p	254.9	— in progress —

Note: The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as L_NN = A₁A₂L, where L is the luminosity, and A₁ and A₂ are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively. The proton polarization is intensity and time averaged, as measured by the H-jet.

Note: The time in store is measured from the lumi-on to the the lumi-off events. The lumi-on event comes after rebucketing but before collision steering and before collimation. Calendar time, including scheduled maintenance and accelerator physics experiments, is used to calculate the fractional time in store. The experiments use the time in store to a varying degree. The time in store is only shown for high energy operation, i.e. 100 GeV/nucleon for heavy ions, and 100 GeV and 250 GeV for polarized protons. The time in store at lower energies is generally higher (see below).

Note: For ion collisions the nucleon-pair luminosity is shown. The nucleon-pair luminosity is defined as L_NN = A₁A₂L, where L is the luminosity, and A₁ and A₂ are the number of nucleons of the ions in the two beam respectively. The highest energies for the machines are: ISR 31 GeV, SPS 315 GeV, Tevatron 980 GeV, HERA 920 GeV (p) 27.5 GeV (e), RHIC 255 GeV, LHC 4.0 TeV.

RHIC Runs

Run-13 CY2012/13 FY2013
	Mode 2: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 7.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-13 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: TBD
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag
	Major accomplishments and events:
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]

	injection: γ = 8.055		store: γ = 8.055
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX
	STAR
	Time in store: ??% of calendar time

	Mode 1: polarized p on polarized p at 254.9 GeV particle energy [Run-13 p-p web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: start of 4K cool-down planned for 11 February 2013
	Run Coordinator: Vahid Ranjbar (AGS Coordingator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: OPPIS upgrade with Atomic Beam Source (ABS) and new superconducting solenoid; AGS horizontal and vertical survey; mechanical upgrade of 9 MHz RF system; RHIC pC polarimeter upgrades with targets and rf screens; new STAR Be beam pipe (4 cm ID) - found to be -9 mm low; horizontal phase shifter ps between IR8 and IR10 in Blue and Yellow; new lattice for electron lenses to have phase advances that are multiples of 180 deg betwenn IP8 and IP10 - Blue integer tunes (27.,29.), Yellow integer tunes (29.,30.) instead of previous integer tunes (28.,29.); 2 out of 4 Westinghouse Motor-Generatore bearings replaced, AGS setup with Westinghous, reached 1.3×10¹¹ with P = 70% at AGS flattop; motor-rotor of the Siemens Motor-Generator repaired after overheated connection was found, back in service when the 4K wave started; Blue electron lens installed with EBIS spare solenoid; Yellow electron lens installed with solenoind from SMD but without Y-pipes and no electron beam; lab closed for 4 days after blizzard Nemo on 02/08/13 - 78.5 cm of snow; first operational use of longitudinal damper at injection - allowed to reduce Landau cavity voltage; reverted to Run-12 lattices on 04/04/13 since polarization with e-lens lattices is lower than in Run-12 (16.5 h to physics); first operational use of longitudinal damper on the energy ramp; luminosity limited by emittance growth due to electron clouds in rotators after rebucketing; RHIC tunnel posted ODH-0 again after tests? (had been posted ODH-1 after reevaluation following the LHC 2008 incident and required personal oxigen monitors and escape packs for entry); move DX magnet in preparation of future p-Au run?
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	109		0.65
	Average store polarization: (??±??)% in Blue, (??±??) in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 271.635, Gγ = 487.0
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX
	STAR
	Time in store: ??% of calendar time


Run-12 CY2011/12 FY2012	Retreat at end of Run-12, 07/25/2012 - 07/27/2012, Bellport [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-12 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 06/25/12 - 06/27/12 [2 days total, no physics]
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag
	Major accomplishments and events: similar to Run-10 1F but with different sextupole settings - Run-10 used the online model which gave incorrect values at the low energy and lead to large chromaticities; low injection efficiency; captured beam lifetimes of 3 min in Blue and 5 min in Yellow; colliding beams; 2 min store time with both beams filled; STAR observed event
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	27, 43	0.03B / 0.02Y	8.0	(not measured)	—	—	—
	injection: γ = 2.68		store: γ = 2.68

	Mode 2B: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 99.9 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-12 Cu-Au web site]
	Summary paper: IPAC13
	Beam operation: 05/15/12 - 06/25/12 [41 days total, 38 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Yun Luo
	Major accomplishments and events: first Cu-Au operation in a collider; re-optimization of IR2, IR4, IR10 and IR12; 3.5 days from species switch to physics; 3D stochastic cooling resulting in 14h store length; change from argon to neon in hollow cathode ion source results in 20% highter Cu intensity (Ar and Cu ions have close rigidity); change of Blue ramp tunes from (0.230,0.215) to (0.231,0.223) improves transmission; instabilities at transition in routine operation - with stochastic cooling acceptable as long as there is no intensity loss; 4 stores with third collision in IP2 to test calorimeter in AnDY installation for furture STAR use; heat wave 20 to 22 June 2012 leads to downtime with failing AC units; power distribution leads to power dip and power failure to AGS systems - 29 h recovery time; test of Blue phase shifter power supply
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_init, L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	4.0Cu / 1.3Au	0.7	24.5 → 7.0	120, 120×10²⁶	100×10²⁶	3.5
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	13.5
	STAR	0.7	13.5
	Time in store: 65% of calendar time

	Mode 2A: ²³⁸U⁹²⁺on ²³⁸U⁹²⁺ at 96.4 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-12 U-U web site]
	Summary paper: IPAC13
	Beam operation: 04/19/12 - 05/15/12 [26 days total, 22 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Yun Luo
	Major accomplishments and events: first use of EBIS for RHIC operation; first U-U operation in a collider; used standard lattice to increase off-momentum dynamic aperture; 5 days from species switch to physics; intensity after BtA stripping foil (U³⁹⁺ → U⁹⁰⁺) is only 37% of incoming intesity (had expected >50% based on GLOBAL simulation); Booster 4→2→1 merge on intermediate energy level; AGS 8→4→2 merge at injection; first use of Blue and Yellow horizontal stochastic cooling (resulting in 3D cooling in both rings); first RHIC store in which the maximum luminosity exceeds the initial luminosity (due to cooling); first use of BPM offsets determined by beam-based measurement; re-optimization of IR6 and IR8 local coupling correction, leading to reduction of global coupling corrector strenghts; first operation where all beam losses are due to burn-off; due to small beam size need micro-vernier scan in addition to automatic orbit correction every 1/2 h; test of Yellow phase shifter power supply
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_init, L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.3	0.7	13.5 → 2.5	3.4, 8.8×10²⁶	5.6×10²⁶	200
	injection: γ = 10.14		store: γ = 103.482
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	368
	STAR	0.7	368
	Time in store: 72% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: polarized p on polarized p at 254.9 GeV particle energy [Run-12 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: IPAC12
	Beam operation: 03/12/12 - 04/19/12 [38 days total, 34 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vincent Schoefer
	Major accomplishments and events: increased store energy to increase polarization lifetime; 3.5 days from energy switch to physics; snakes ramp between 100 GeV and 255 GeV; scan of snake spin rotation axis angle and spin rotation angle; test of longitudinal injection damper; test of Landau phase error compensation (phase error from Booster) compensation; test of short AGS cycle (2.7 s); test of Blue vertical phase shifter power supply (adjusts betatron phase between IR8 and IR10); H-jet polarization measurement at injection (Yellow beam only)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	170	0.65	21 → 25	165×10³⁰	105×10³⁰	32
	Average store polarization: (50.3±0.5)% in Blue, (53.5±0.5) in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^* Polarization at injection: (63±4.4)% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 271.635, Gγ = 487.0
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-11]
	PHENIX	0.65	133	1.5×
	STAR	0.65	144	2.1×
	AnDY	2.0	6.4	0.9×
	Time in store: 54% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-12 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: IPAC12
	Beam operation: 01/21/12 - 03/12/12 [51 days total, 31 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Vincent Schoefer
	Major accomplishments and events: 2 new Landau cavities installed in RHIC (harmonic number adjusted so that consecutive bunches have 180 deg phase difference); Yellow primary collimator inspected (no sign of damage); AGS horizontal alignment; 9 MHz system upgraded; AGS horizontal tune jump timing improved (eliminated increasing timing error on ramp, better synchronization of falling edges); operation from new Main Control Room; down ramp does not stop at injection any more, ramp from park to injection with 2x ramp speed compared to previous runs (saves 2.9 min per ramp); Blue beam reaches 100 GeV in first ramp attempt; 16 days from both rings cold to physics (as planned); tested a few stores with both Blue tunes below 0.7 and both Yellow tunes above 0.7 (suppresses coherent beam-beam modes, luminosity and polarization lifetime smaller)
	Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
109	160	0.85	20 → 25	46×10³⁰	33×10³⁰	9.3
Average store polarization: 61.8 in Blue, 56.6 in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-9]
PHENIX	0.85	37.9	0.62×	vertical polarization
STAR	0.85	36.1	0.67×	vertical polarization
Time in store: 59% of calendar time


Run-11 CY2010/11 FY2011	Retreat at end of Run-11, 07/20/2011 - 07/22/2011, Bellport [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 13.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-11 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: Summary paper: G. Marr, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemsures, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2011 Au+Au heavy ion run", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1894-1896 (2011).
	Beam operation: 06/20/2011 - 06/29/2011 [9 days total, 8 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: 1 day setup to physics; 1 h store length; tested rigidity for U operation at 100 GeV/nucleon (3.5% higher than for Au) sucessfully (DX and D0 magnets were excluded from test) - dipole training quench in Blue sector 9 (D15-D20) with dipole current increased by another 25 A
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.45	3.0	18 → 20	2.0×10²⁶	1.2×10²⁶	30
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 14.498
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	32.7
	STAR	3.0	30.4
	Time in store: 64% of calendar time

	Mode 2B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-11 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: Summary paper: G. Marr, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemsures, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2011 Au+Au heavy ion run", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1894-1896 (2011).
	Beam operation: 05/02/2011 - 06/20/2011 [49 days total, 45 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: changed frequency of Blue vertical stochastic cooling system to avoid cross-talk between Blue and Yellow vertical systems; Yellow longitudinal stochastic cooling kicker repaired (became stuck in Run-10); installed new horizontal stochastic cooling pick-up; 4 days setup to physics; 4 h store length; EBIS Au beam tested in Booster
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	111	1.30	0.75	15 → 10	50×10²⁶	30×10²⁶	1.0
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-10]
	PHENIX	0.75	4.97	1.0×
	STAR	0.75	4.82	0.9×
	Time in store: 59% of calendar time

	Mode 2A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-11 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: G. Marr, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, P.F. Ingrassia, J.P. Jamilkowski, N. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, M. Mapes, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemsures, S. Polizzo, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T. Shrey, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, B. Van Kuik, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance for FY2011 Au+Au heavy ion run", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1894-1896 (2011).
	Beam operation: 04/19/2011 - 05/02/2011 [13 days total, 10 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr
	Major accomplishments and events: 3 days setup to physics; 35 min store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.9	2.5	15 → 15	8×10²⁵	4×10²⁵	15
	injection: γ = 10.52		store: γ = 10.52
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:s
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-2]
	PHENIX	3.0	15.7	157x
	STAR	2.5	17.5	175×
	Time in store: 71% of calendar time

	Mode 1: polarized p on polarized p at 249.9 GeV particle energy [Run-11 p-p web site]
	Summary papers: H. Huang, L. Ahrens, I.G. Alekseev, E. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Bai, A. Bazilevsky, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, A. Dion, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L. Hoff, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Meot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, B. Schmidtke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, D. Smirnov, K. Smith, D. Steski, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton operation and highlights", proceedings International Particle Accelerator Conference 2011, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1888-1890 (2011). H. Huang, L. A. Ahrens, E.C. Aschenauer, G. Atoian, M. Bai, A. Bazilevsky, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, A. Dion, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, X. Gu, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, R.L. Hulsart, J.S. Laster, C. Liu, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, F. Méot, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, A. Poblaguev, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, W.B. Schmidke, V. Schoefer, F. Severino, D. Smirnov, K.S. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, I.G. Alekseev, D. Svirida, "RHIC polarized proton operation", proceedings of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, NY, New York, USA, pp. 41-45 (2011).
	Beam operation: 01/08/2011 - 04/19/2011 [109 days total, 68 days for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Haixin Huang
	Major accomplishments and events: EBIS under commissioning; AGS surveyed and adjusted horizontally; RHIC surveyed and adjusted vertically; new auto transformer in Blue to reduce flattop-to-ramp MMPS glitches; Yellow snake in sector 9 installed after repair (was removed for Run-10); inserts installed (19 pieces, each 12.7 cm long) in both beam dump beam pipes to better shield Q4 from secondary particles; moved 2 common storage cavities to sector 3 and installed 2 more common cavities there (now have 5 storage cavities per ring, none common); remaining 2 common cavities are now designated for 9 MHz rf system (common to both rings, for proton operation only, movable shield can be inserted for heavy ion operation); 1 bouncer cavity installed in each ring as a longitudinal damper; increased current limit on IR6 and IR8 tq magnets from 100 A to 140 A to allow for lower β^*; lowered γ_tr a injection by 0.5; after fire in AGS Access Control System on 11/09/2011 a new ACS had to be constructed for the run; all ramps with tune and coupling feedback; vertical tune on ramp near 2/3 to preserve polarization; RHIC CNI polarimeters upgraded with new electronics (mitigates rate dependence); radial loop on ramp with input from all horizontal BPMs; orbit feedback on every ramp operational (ver rms of 10 μm, radius and hor rms of 100 μm); fast emittance growth in Blue ring (was intermittently observed in 2007 and 2009) caused by dump kicker thyratron module B delayed physics; 30 days from both rings cold to physics (7 days longer than planned, had 6 snow days during start-up); first use of octupoles on proton ramps to reduce likelyhood of instabilities (-3 m^-3 from after snapback to flattop); AGS tune jump system used for physics stores (about 5% more polarization); first operational use of 10 Hz orbit feedback in store; noise source of transverse origin leads to longitudinal emittance growth at injection with 9 MHz system (effect is of varying strength and not understood); breaker trip on 03/07/11 lead to refrigerator shut-off and helium venting in 2:00 and 6:00 service buildings, operation re-established on 03/17/11 - 219h downtime; power cable failure shut-down most of AGS equipment - 78h downtime; reduced IP2 (AnDY) crossing angle from 2.0 to zero; first use of beta-beat correction in operation; repeated problems with remote log-in; raising vertical tunes by 0.002 after going into collisions raises luminosity lifetime substantially; first use of collimation on ramp with continuous set point changes; down ramp with polarized beam from 250 GeV to 100 GeV with 109x109 bunches; 9 MHz rf system breaks before runs end holding down intensity and luminosity; first H-jet polarization measurement at injection (large error)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	165	0.6	24 → 24	145×10³⁰	90×10³⁰	25
	Average store polarization: 48% in Blue, 48% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^* Polarization at injection: (60±4)% in Blue and (70±4)% in Yellow with both beams, (54±4)% with Blue beam only (offline H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.397		store: γ = 266.336, Gγ = 477.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-9]
	PHENIX	0.61	89.9	1.6×	predominantly longitudinal polarization
	STAR	0.72	68.9	1.3×	predominantly vertical polarization
	AnDY	3.0	6.8	—	approved test for future experiment
	Time in store: 37% of calendar time (46% excluding 219h dowtime due to refrigerator shut-off, and 78h due to power cable failure)


Run-10 CY2009/10 FY2010	Retreat at end of Run-10, 06/30/2010 - 07/02/2010, Bellport [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1F: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, T. Satogata, L.A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, A. Jain, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Experience with low-energy gold-gold operations in RHIC during FY2010", BNL-96440-2011-IR, C-A/AP/435 (2011).
	Beam operation: 06/07/2010 - 06/08/2010 [29 h total, no physics]
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: harmonic number h = 387; attempted to inject into machine in which the hysteresis cycle was stopped on down ramp (reduces 10-pole errors in dipoles from 6 to 1.5 units but increases 6-pole errors from -7 to 42 units), but transfer function change by about 1% which could not be corrected in the time available; large synchrotron tune of 0.02 (synchrotron frequency of 1.7 kHz with 400 kV gap voltage); unbunched peak intensities of 0.2×10⁹; bunched beam with peak intensitites of 0.03×10⁹, 60% of which decays with 4 s, the other 40% with 40 s; strong decoherence of 10-20 turns makes good tune measurements impossible; small mommentum and transverse apertures; difficult regulation of AGS and AtR power supplies; large (expected) losses at AtR stripping foil; uncertainty of RHIC magnet transfer functions and associated mismatch between machine/model; not possible to store collider grade beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	1	0.02	10	(not measured)	—	—	—
	injection: γ = 2.68		store: γ = 2.68

	Mode 1E: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 5.75 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, T. Satogata, L.A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, A. Jain, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Experience with low-energy gold-gold operations in RHIC during FY2010", BNL-96440-2011-IR, C-A/AP/435 (2011).
	Beam operation: 05/27/2010 - 06/07/2010 [11 days total, 10 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Greg Marr, Angelika Drees, Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: harmonic number h = 363, no collisions at PHENIX; 16 h for setup to physics; β^= 20 m in IP2 (IPMs) and IP10 (abort), β^= 6 m in IP6 (STAR), β^*= 10 m in all other IPs incl. IP8 (PHENIX); polarity of half of defocusing sexupoles reversed; octupoles on for lifetime improvement; bunch length growing; 20 min store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.1	6.0	15 → 15	3.3×10²⁵	1.5×10²⁵	5.0
	injection: γ = 6.175		store: γ = 6.175
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	10.0	—
	STAR	6.0	7.82
	Time in store: 66% of calendar time

	Mode 1D: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 3.85 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, T. Satogata, L.A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, A. Jain, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Experience with low-energy gold-gold operations in RHIC during FY2010", BNL-96440-2011-IR, C-A/AP/435 (2011).
	Beam operation: 04/22/2010 - 05/27/2010 [34 days total, 32 for physics]
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: first physics operation below nominal injection regidity; harmonic number h = 369; 49 h for setup; β^= 20 m in IP2 (IPMs) and IP10 (abort), initial β^= 10 m in IP6 (STAR) then reduced to β^= 6 m, β^= 10 m in all other IPs incl. IP8 (PHENIX); polarity of half of defocusing sexupoles reversed (in final configuration) to make defocusing sextupoles in effect bipolar; beam losses at Yellow injection kicker lead to vacuum leak (like Au beam losses in AGS in 2007); gap cleaner running to minimize losses in uncontrolled areas; octupoles on for lifetime improvement; losses in AtR limit injected intensity and thereby store length (not possible to go to shorter stores); bunch length shrinking; 10 min store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	0.5	6.0	20 → 20	3.1×10²⁴	1.25×10²⁴	0.50
	injection: γ = 4.135		store: γ = 4.135
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	10.0	1.75
	STAR	10.0 / 6.0	2.48
	Time in store: 55% of calendar time

	Mode 1C: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 19.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: K.A. Drees, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Medium Energy Heavy Ion Operations at RHIC", proceedings of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, New York, NY, USA, pp. 2220-2222 (2011).
	Beam operation: 04/08/2010 - 04/22/2010 [14 days total, 13 for physics]
	Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: 19 h for setup to physics; first operational use of simultaneous orbit, tune, coupling, and chromaticity feedback for ramp development; operation below transition; 197 MHz storage rf system operated at lowest frequency to date, no stochastic cooling; 4 h store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.3	3.0	20 → 35	2.2×10²⁶	1.3×10²⁶	50
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 20.942
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	107
	STAR	3.0	99
	Time in store: 82% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: K.A. Drees, L. A. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, D.M. Gassner, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, P.F. Ingrassia, N.A. Kling, M. Lafky, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, P. Sampson, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, K.S. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J.E. Tuozzolo, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Medium Energy Heavy Ion Operations at RHIC", proceedings of the 2011 Particle Accelerator Conference, New York, NY, USA, pp. 2220-2222 (2011).
	Beam operation: 03/18/2010 - 04/08/2010 [21 days total, 20 for physics]
	Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: 32 h for setup to physics; first operational use of simultaneous orbit, tune and coupling feedback for ramp developement; all storage cavities used except X3 and X5 (momentum spread too high); no stochastic cooling; 4 h store length
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	111	1.2	2.5	18 → 27	4.5×10²⁶	3.0×10²⁶	110
injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 33.507
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-4]
PHENIX	2.5	281	12.9×
STAR	2.5	263	12.7×
Time in store: 68% of calendar time

Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-10 Au-Au web site]
Summary paper: K.A. Brown, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, R. De Maria, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, C.J. Gardner, D.M. Gassner, J.W. Glenn, Y. Hao, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, L.T. Hoff, H. Huang, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, J. Morris, S. Nemesure, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, C. Theisen, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC Performance for FY10 200 GeV Au+Au Heavy Ion Run", proceedings of the 2010 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 507-509 (2010).
Beam operation: 12/07/2009 - 03/18/2010 [101 days total, 76 for physics]
Run Coordinators: Kevin Brown, Todd Satogata, Angelika Drees
Major accomplishments and events: Yellow 10 o'clock snake replaced by dummy to allow for repair (snake not used in Au operation); start-up and ramp-up of 3 1/2 weeks (1 1/2 weeks longer than planned, needed 1 week to finish Yellow vacuum work after both rings were at 4 K); IBS suppression lattice in both rings; separation of γ_tr by 1.2 s; 2 mrad crossing angle (beam-to-beam) in IPs without collision; first operational use of new low level RF in RHIC; new auto transformer in Yellow to reduce flattop-to-ramp MMPS glitches; tune and coupling feedback on every development ramp; first successful ramp with simultaneous orbit, tune and coupling feedback; first operational use of collimation on the ramp; first use of Yellow dipole feedback (with radius signal from rf BPMs) at transition; large chromatic abberations - particularly in Yellow - prevent rebucketing with β^= 0.6 m (setpoint) and result in raising it to β^= 0.7 m; Yellow tunes close to and above 0.2 (Blue tunes close to and below 0.25); first operational use of Yellow longitudinal stochastic cooling upgraded with microwave link (01/14/2010), first operational use of Blue longitudinal stochastic cooling (02/02/2010), first use of Yellow (01/14/2010) and Blue (01/25/2010) vertical stochastic cooling; test of 1 Hz orbit feedback (ramp and store); test of 10 Hz orbit feedback (store); luminosity limited by beam loading at rebucketing leading to debunching not transition instabilities as in previous runs; reversed all vertical (01/07/10) and half of the horizontal (01/21/10) BPM offsets (were incorrect previously)
Achieved beam parameters:
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
111	1.1	0.75	17 → 20	40×10²⁶	20×10²⁶	650
injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-7]
PHENIX	0.75	5.01	1.5×
STAR	0.75	5.24	1.7×
Time in store: 53% of calendar time


Run-9 CY2008/09 FY2009	Retreat at end of Run-9, 07/15/2009 - 07/17/2009, Montauk [Retreat web site]
	Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy for pp2pp [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as a 100 GeV polarized proton collider in Run-9", proceedings of the 2010 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (2010).
	Beam operation: 06/29/2009 - 07/04/2009 (5 days total, 3.5 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first operation with β^* = 20 m; Yellow snake in sector 9 removed after run for repair of ground current
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	90/64 colliding 90/88 colliding	50	20 1.0	15 → 20	0.3×10³⁰6×10³⁰	0.2×10³⁰4×10³⁰	0.1 pp2pp 1.5 PHENIX
	Average store polarization: 62% in Blue, 63% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	593	vertical polarization
	pp2pp / STAR	20	25	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 67% of calendar time (only 4 stores between 10 h and 17 h length)

	Mode 1B: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, P. Pile, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as a 100 GeV polarized proton collider in Run-9", proceedings of the 2010 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (2010).
	Beam operation: 04/15/2009 - 06/29/2009 (74 days total, 69 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first tests of AGS horizontal quadrupole jump system to increase polarization; tests of new low level rf system; test of transverse stochastic cooling in Yellow vertical plane with low intensity proton bunch; tests of dedicated spin flipper in Blue ring; all RHIC service buildings with A/C; first operational use of 10- and 12-poles; scrubbing attempt at injection (6 Blue and 8 Yellow high-intensity fill attempts) with 0.01 K cryo temperature rise — may have raised the instability threshold at transition in following heavy ion Run-10
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	135	0.7	15 → 20	50×10³⁰	28×10³⁰	8.3
	Average store polarization: 56% in Blue, 57% in Yellow (online H-jet measurements)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-6]
	PHENIX	0.7	60.7	1.4×	longitudinal polarization
	STAR	0.7	53.5	1.2×	longitudinal polarization
	Time in store: 54% of calendar time

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 249.9 GeV particle energy [Run-9 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, G. Atonian, A. Bazilevsky, J. Beebe-Wang,M. Blaskiewicz, J. M. Brennan, K. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Connolly, T. D’Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, R. Gill, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, Y. Hao, H. Huang, R. Hulsart, D. Kayran, J. Laster, R. Lee, A. Luccio, Y. Luo, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, G. McIntyre, R. Michnoff, M. Minty, C. Montag, B. Morozov, J. Morris, P. Oddo, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, T. Satogata, V. Schoefer, K. Smith, D. N. Svirida, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, G. Wang, M. Wilinski, S. Tepikian, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S. Y. Zhang, "First polarized proton collisions at a beam energy of 250 GeV in RHIC", proceedings of the 2009 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vacouver, BC, Canada (2009).
	Beam operation: 02/07/2009 - 04/15/09 (67 days total, 29 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first collision of polarized proton beam to 250 GeV; LEBT/MEBT modified to reduce emittance growth through better matching into Linac; modification of Booster injection (smaller β at injection foil) to reduce emittance growth; new AGS main magnet power supply transformer; re-alignment of magnets near snakes for better angle control, setup in 5 weeks (2 weeks longer than planned), 2 mrad crossing angle (beam-to-beam) in IP2 and IP10 to reduce number of DX training quenches (6 DX training quenches); test of new 9 MHz rf system (single cavity for both rings) for acceleration (not yet usable because Yellow beam cannot respond to diples main ps switch-over from flattop to ramp supply and back); use of main quadrupole ramp ps at injection already; first use of 4-knob nonlinear chromaticity correction (unlike HARMON it also reduces resonance driving terms); upgraded CNI polarimeters in RHIC with number of targets doubled; triplet 10 Hz cold mass measurements and test of active cold mass damping; use of tune and coupling feedback on all development ramps.
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	110	0.7	18 → 23	85×10³⁰	55×10³⁰	18.4
	Average store polarization: 33% in Blue, 36% in Yellow (online H-jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 266.336, Gγ = 477.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	0.7	57.8	primarily with longtudinal polarization
	STAR	0.7	52.6	primarily with longtudinal polarization
	Time in store: 53% of calendar time


Run-8 CY2007/08 FY2008	Retreat at end of Run-8, 03/31/2008 - 04/02/2008, Montauk [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 3B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 2.5 GeV/nucleon particle energy
	Summary presentation (at RHIC Retreat): T. Satogata, "Run-8: Low energy"
	Beam operation: 03/11/2008 - 03/12/2008 (15 h)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: stored some beam in Yellow ring with γ = 2.685; unbunched with peak intensity 0.05×10⁹ and lifetime of 2 min; single bunch beam with peak intensity 0.01×10⁹ and lifetime of 2 s; orbit correction very difficult

	Mode 3A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy
	Summary paper:
	Beam operation: 03/10/2008 - 03/11/2008 (31 h)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments: STAR experiment collected a few thousand events for physics
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.4	10	40 → 60	3.5×10²³	1.2×10²³	—
	injection: γ = 4.931		store: γ = 4.931
	Time in store: (very short run)

	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-8 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: C. Montag, N. Abreu, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D. Barton, A. Bazilevski, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, N. Malitsky, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, J. Morris, B. Oerter, H. Okada, F. Pilat, P. Pile, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, M. Sivertz, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC polarized proton performance in Run-8", proceedings of the 2008 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Genoa, Italy (2008).
	Beam operation: 01/29/2008 - 03/10/2008 (41 days total, 24 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christoph Montag (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: nonlinear chromaticity correction; tested near integer working point in Blue (not used in operation due to large 10 Hz orbit oscillations in triplets); tested β^*= 65 cm (not used in operation); test of 10- and 12-pole correctors to reduce background
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	109	150	1.0	20 → 25	35×10³⁰	23×10³⁰	7.5
	Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 40% in Yellow (final H-jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	19.2	predominantly vertical polarization
	STAR	1.0	19.2	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 60% of calendar time (no rotator ramps for most part of the run)

	Mode 1: d at 100.7 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-8 d-Au web site]
	Summary paper: C.J. Gardner, N.P. Abreu, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J. Butler, P. Cameron, C. Carlson, R. Connolly, A. DellaPenna, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J.W. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, M. Mapes, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F. Pilat, E. Pozdeyev, V. Ptitsyn, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, T. Russo, P. Sampson, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, D. Steski, S. Tepikian, Y. Than, P. Thieberger, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, K.L. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Setup and performance of RHIC for the 2008 run with deuteron-gold collisions", proceedings of the 2008 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Genoa, Italy (2008).
	Beam operation: 11/08/2007 - 01/28/2008 (80 days total, 63 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Christopher (Kip) Gardner
	Major accomplishments and events: increased length of NEG coated beam pipes by 56 m (to 532 m total); kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown again; Blue ring cool-down from 100K to 4K in 10 days, Yellow in another 2 days; Yellow ring lattice for gold beam with higher tunes to reduce IBS (Blue ring has a bus problem that currently prevents higher tunes — not critical for deuterons); β^* reduced to 0.85 m compared to 2 m in Run-3; periodic orbit corrections in store introduced (every 1/2 hour); service building 1004B with A/C
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	95	100d / 1.0Au	0.85	15 → 20	27×10²⁸	13.5×10²⁸	40
	injection: γ = 11.150		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-3]
	PHENIX	0.85	238	9.8×
	STAR	0.89	199	10.1×
	Time in store: 58% of calendar time


Run-7 CY2006/07 FY2007	Retreat at end of Run-7, 07/16/2007 - 07/17/2007, Two Trees Inn, Connecticut [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 4.6 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, W. Jappe, R.C. Lee, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, R. Michnoff, B. Oerter, E. Pozdeyev, T. Roser, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and N. Tsoupas, "RHIC challenges for low energy operations", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, NM, USA (2007).
	Beam operation: 06/06/2007 - 06/07/2007 (24 h total)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: stored and collided Au beams at half the normal injection energy; measured luminosity; a few hundred events recorded by STAR
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.4	10.0	40 → 60	4×10²³	0.6×10²³	—
	injection: γ = 4.931		store: γ = 4.931
	Time in store: (test of low energy running)

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-7 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: A. Drees, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, J.J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, T. D'Ottavio, W. Fischer, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, J. Glenn, M. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, F. Severino, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, and S.Y. Zhang, "Summary of the RHIC performance during the FY07 heavy ion run", proceedings of the 2007 Particle Accelerator Conference, Albuquerque, NM, USA (2007).
	Beam operation: 02/19/2007 - 06/26/07 (125 days total, 90 days for physics, excluding 1 day for Mode 1B)
	Run Coordinator: Angelika Drees
	Major accomplishments and events: kept machine at liquid nitrogen temperature during the summer shutdown, no DX training required; increased the total length of NEG coated beam pipes in warm regions by 45 m to 475 m; horizontal realignment in locations of large orbit corrector strength; 8 sextupole families per ring for nonlinear chromaticity correction (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au); AGS operation with Au³¹⁺ instead of Au³²⁺ in previous years (yields about 20% intensity gain); new BtA stripping foil (Al+glassy carbon instead of carbon) reduces bunch area at AGS injection from 0.40 eV.s/nucleon to 0.23 eV.s/nucleon; new AtR stripping foil (W instead of Al oxide) reduces intensity loss by about 4%; start-up/ramp-up in 2 weeks (1/2 less than planned); first use of beam scrubbing for operational purposes (2 hours at injection to alleviate dynamic pressure rise at transition); first operational use of orbit feedback at IP6 and IP8 (preparation for p, no operational benefit for Au); voltage dip from 300 kV to 150 kV at transition; first operational use of stochastic cooling (in Yellow ring); NSRL and AGS operation concurrent with entire RHIC run
	Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	103	1.1	0.83/0.77	17 → 35	30×10²⁶	12×10²⁶	380
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-4]
	PHENIX	0.85	3270	2.6×
	STAR	0.85	3100	2.6×
	MonoPole	5.0	610	—	experimental test apparatus at IP2
	IP10	5.0	270	—	test of LHC luminostiy monitor at IP10
	Time in store: 48% of calendar time


Run-6 CY2005/06 FY2006	Retreat at end of Run-6, 07/10/2006 - 07/12/2006, Shelter Island [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 1D: polarized p on polarized p at 250.0 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/20/06 - 06/26/06 (6 days total, no physics operation)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments: accelerated both beam to 250 GeV; 45% Blue beam polarization at store (no colliding beams)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	28	90	1.5	25	—	—	—
	Average store polarization: 45% in Blue, zero in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 266.477

	Mode 1C: polarized p on polarized p at 31.2 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/20/06 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: first use of spin rotators at low energy
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	90	3.0	20 → 30	2×10³⁰	1×10³⁰	0.22
	Average store polarization: 50% in Blue, 49% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 33.253
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.380	vertical and longitudinal polarization (about 50% each)
	STAR	3.0	0.325	vertical polarization
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.340	vertical polarization
	Time in store: 50% of calendar time

	Mode 1B: p on p at 11.25 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 06/05/06 - 06/06/06 (25 h total)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: first injection; storage and collision of beams with rigidity of approximately half the normal injection rigidity
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	28	75	10	30	1.7×10²⁸	0.6×10²⁸	—
	Average store polarization: 41% in Blue, 32% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 11.990		store: γ = 11.990
	Time in store: (test for low energy ion collisions)

	Mode 1A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-6 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: V. Ptitsyn, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, D.A. Kayran, J. Kewisch, R.C. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, F.C. Pilat, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno. and S.Y. Zhang, "RHIC performance as polarized proton collider in Run-6", proceedings of the 2006 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Edinburgh, UK (2006).
	Beam operation: 02/07/06 - 06/05/06 (119 days total, 92 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Vadim Ptitsyn (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: total of 430 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions; pre-pumping in arcs lowered pressure to 10^-6 - 10^-7 Torr before cool-down; complete vertical re-alignment of both RHIC rings; STAR shielding installed; lowered injection energy to allow for better spin matching with the AGS cold snake; first operational use of the AGS cold snake; cool-down from 80 K to 4 K in 11 days (3 days less than planned); use of combined tune and coupling feedback for ramp development Major disruption: machine was off for one week following an arc flash incident in a switch of the STAR magnet electrical system
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	111	135	1.0	18 → 23	28×10³⁰	18×10³⁰	6.5
	Average store polarization: 52% in Blue, 57% in Yellow (final H-jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.379		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-5]
	PHENIX	1.0	43.6	3.6×	hor. and long. polarization recorded number of 45.9 pb^-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for single accidentals
	STAR	1.0	44.9	3.7×	hor. and long. polarization ecorded number of 47.3 pb^-1 reduced by 5% after Run-8 to account for single accidentals
	BRAHMS	10.0	0.1	—	vertical polarization, for Mode 1B preparation
	Time in store: 46% of calendar time (50% excluding 1 week of downtime due to an arc flash incident)


Run-5 CY2004/05 FY2005	Retreat at end of Run-5, 06/15/2005 - 06/17/2005, Shelter Island [Retreat web site] [Summary]
	Mode 2B: polarized p on polarized p at 204.9 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, T. Roser, L. Ahrens, I. G. Alekseev, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J. M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, R. Gill, J. Glenn, W. Haeberli, H. Huang, O. Jinnouchi, J. Kewisch, A. Luccio, Y. Luo, I. Nakagawa, H. Okada, F. Pilat, W. W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satgata, E. Stephenson, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, T. Wise, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S. Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton collisions at 205 GeV at RHIC", Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 174801 (2006).
	Beam operation: 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 (4 days total, 2 stores for physics - primarily for PHOBOS)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai
	Major accomplishments and events: ramp setup for higher energy in 3 days; first acceleration and storage of polarized protons beyond 100 GeV
	Achieved beam parameters:

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	56	60	2.0	25 → 50	3×10³⁰	1.5×10³⁰	0.5
	Average store polarization: 30%
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 218.368
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	0.05
	STAR	2.0	0.05
	PHOBOS	10.0	0.01
	Time in store: (only 2 consecutive stores)

	Mode 2A: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-5 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: M. Bai, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, A. Bravar, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, G. Bunce, J. Butler, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C.J. Gardner, J. Glenn, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, J.S. Laster, R.C. Lee, A.U. Luccio, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, G. McIntyre, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, P. Oddo, J. Osamu, F.C. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, M. Wilinski, A. Zaltsman, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, I.G. Alekseev, and D. Svirida, "Polarized proton collisions at RHIC", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/25/05 - 06/24/05 (66 days for physics, excluding 05/31/05 - 06/03/05 for Mode 2B)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: polarized source upgraded with new superconducting solenoid; 60% polarization at AGS extraction; first acceleration of polarized protons in AGS with cold snake (10¹¹ protons per bunch, 50% polarization at AGS extraction) - not yet used for physics; 3 weeks of set-up and ramp-up; operation with up to 111 bunches per ring; increased store polarization by 5%; more calibration data with H-jet; 56% of calendar time in store
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	106	90	1.0	30 → 35	10×10³⁰	7×10³⁰	1.9
	Average store polarization: 49% in Blue, 45% in Yellow (final H-Jet measurement)^*
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]^*
	PHENIX	1.0	12.6 (0.65)
	STAR	1.0	12.7 (0.66)
	BRAHMS	3.0	4.2 (0.19)
	^*Amount in brackets denotes delivered luminosity with vertical polarization, the remainder was delivered with longitudinal polarization.
	Time in store: 56% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1C: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ on ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 11.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
	Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/22/05 - 03/24/05 (42 hours total, 39 hours for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
	Major accomplishments and events: 82% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity, large emittance, and luminosity lifetime of about 0.5h)
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	56	3.8	3.0	50 → 50	2.5×10²⁶	0.5×10²⁶	0.02
	injection: γ = 12.075		store: γ = 12.075
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.006
	STAR	3.0	0.006
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.002
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.004
	Time in store: 82% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1B: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ on ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
	Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
	Beam operation: 03/07/05 - 03/22/05 (15 days total, 12 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
	Major accomplishments and events: 74% of calendar time in store (at reduced bunch intensity)
	Achieved beam parameters:

	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	42	3.1	3.0	15 → 30	0.10×10²⁸	0.08×10²⁸	0.28
	injection: γ = 12.075		store: γ = 33.540
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
PHENIX	3.0	0.52
STAR	3.0	0.47
BRAHMS	5.0	0.30
PHOBOS	5.0	0.25
Time in store: 74% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

Mode 1A: ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ on ⁶³Cu²⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-5 Cu-Cu web site]
Summary paper: F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, D.S. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, T. D'Otavio, A. Drees, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J. Glenn, P. Harvey, T. Hayes, H.-C. Hseuh, H. Huang, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, V.N. Litvinenko, Y. Luo, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, A. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Russo, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, A. Zaltsman, K. Zeno, S.Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, "Operations and performance of RHIC as a Cu-Cu collider", proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference, Knoxville, TN, USA (2005).
Beam operation: 11/23/04 - 03/07/05 (104 days total, 55 days for physics)
Run Coordinator: Fulvia Pilat
Major accomplishments and events: 252 m of NEG coated beam pipes installed in warm regions; sector 5 triplet roll adjusted to minimize local skew quadrupole strength in Blue and Yellow; start-up/ramp-up in 2.5 weeks (1.5 weeks less than planned, excluding 4 weeks repair of bus shorts in Yellow ring); injectors delivered enough bunch intensity to run at beam-beam limit with 4 experiments; β^* reduced to 0.9 m at STAR
Achieved beam parameters (PHENIX/STAR):
no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
37/35	4.5	1.0/0.9	15 → 30	2×10²⁸	0.8×10²⁸	2.4
injection: γ = 12.075		store: γ = 107.502
Total delivered integrated luminosities:
experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
PHENIX	1.0	15.2
STAR	0.9	15.0
BRAHMS	2.5	6.2
PHOBOS	2.5	5.7
Time in store: 52% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)


Run-4 CY2003/04 FY2004	Retreat after Run-4, 07/07/2004 - 07/08/2004, Port Jefferson [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-4 p-p web site] (development run, not primarily for physics)
	Summary paper: M. Bai, R. Tomas, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, A. Drees, C.J. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, W. Fischer, U. Iriso, H. Huang, Y. Luo, F. Pilat, W.W. MacKay, G. Marr, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, R. Roser, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, "RHIC polarized proton new working point commissioning", submitted to the proceedings of 16th International Spin Physics Symposium, Trieste, Italy (2004).
	Beam operation: 04/02/2004 - 05/15/2004 (43 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Mei Bai (AGS coordinator: Haixin Huang)
	Major accomplishments and events: new AGS warm snake increases AGS polarization by 20%; maximum polarization from AGS 50% (consistently 45%); maximum polarization in RHIC at store 45% (consistently 40%); polarized H-jet commissioned and operated for calibration of RHIC proton-Carbon polarimeters; peak luminosity in excess of 10³¹cm^-2s^-1 at 2 experiments and no polarization; repeated stores with 40% average polarization and 4·10³⁰cm^-2s^-1 average luminosity at 4 experiments; new working point (0.69,0.68) commissioned
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	56	70	1.0	20	6×10³⁰	4×10³⁰	0.9
	Average store polarization: 46% in Blue and Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	3.0
	STAR	1.0	3.2
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.3
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.6
	Time in store: (no continuous physics operation)

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 31.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-4 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. Delong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H. Huang, H.C. Hseuh, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, G. Marr, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, C. Pearson, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, N. Tsoupas, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zhang, S.Y. Zhang, J. van Zeijts, and the RHIC Operations Team "Luminosity increases in gold-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the 2004 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Lucerne, Switzerland (2004).
	Beam operation: 03/24/2004 - 04/02/2004 (9 days total, 9 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Wolfram Fischer
	Major accomplishments and events: set-up in less than 2 days (largely during Mode 1A); 65% of calendar time in store
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	45	1.0	3.0	15 → 30	1.2×10²⁶	0.6×10²⁶	20
	injection: γ = 10.520		γ store: 33.508
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	21.8
	STAR	3.0	20.7
	BRAHMS	5.0	12.2
	PHOBOS	5.0	12.3
	Time in store: 65% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-4 Au-Au web site]
	Summary paper: W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, D. Barton, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, D. Bruno, J. Butler, R. Calaga, P. Cameron, R. Connolly, J. Delong, T. D'Ottavio, A. Drees, W. Fu, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, T. Hayes, P. He, H. Huang, H.C. Hseuh, P. Ingrassia, U. Iriso, R. Lee, Y. Luo, G. Marr, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, J. Morris, T. Nicoletti, B. Oerter, S. Peggs, A. Pendzick, C. Pearson, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, T. Satogata, C. Schultheiss, A. Sidi-Yekhlef, L. Smart, S. Tepikian, R. Tomas, N. Tsoupas, D. Trbojevic, J. Tuozzolo, K. Vetter, K. Yip, A. Zaltsman, A. Zhang, S.Y. Zhang, J. van Zeijts, and the RHIC Operations Team "Luminosity increases in gold-gold operation in RHIC", proceedings of the 2004 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Lucerne, Switzerland (2004).
	Beam operation: 11/26/2003 - 03/24/2004 (118 days total, 84 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Wolfram Fischer
	Major accomplishments and events: start-up/ramp-up in 4 weeks (1 less than planned); consistently high bunch intensity (>10⁹ Au ions) delivered by injectors, 53% of calendar time in store; reliable and almost complete rebucketing; first use of secondary collimators, luminosity steering and collimator setting time reduced to 10 min, orbit correction after each ramp; dedicated Landau cavities; 2-stage collimation; PHENIX shielding installed; 57 m of NEG coated beam pipes and 64m of solenoids installed
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	45	1.1	1.0	15 → 40	15×10²⁶	5×10²⁶	160
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]	luminosity [rel. to Run-2]
	PHENIX	1.0	1260	14×	Recorded number of 1370 μb^-1reduced by 8% after Run-7 to account for single accidentals
	STAR	1.0	1170	20×	Recorded number of 1270 μb^-1reduced by 8% after Run-7 to account for single accidentals
	BRAHMS	3.0	560	13×
	PHOBOS	3.0	540	7×
	Time in store: 53% of calendar time (run average for physics operation)


Run-3 CY2002/03 FY2003	Retreat after Run-3, 06/10/2003 - 06/12/2003, BNL [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-3 p-p web site]
	Summary paper: H. Huang, L. Ahrens, J.G. Alessi, I. Alekseev, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, S. Bravar, M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, G. Bunce, A. Drees, W. Fischer, C. Gardner, W. Glenn, G. Igo, O. Jinnochi, A.U. Luccio, W. MacKay, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, H. Spinka, D. Svirida, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, D. Underwood, J. van Zeijts, J. Wood, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, and S.Y. Zhang, "Polarized proton acceleration at the Brookhaven AGS and RHIC", proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, USA (2003).
	Beam operation: 03/26/2003 - 05/30/2003 (63 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Haixin Huang
	Major accomplishments and events: source polarization of 70-75%; AGS polarization of 40%; longitudinal spin rotators commissioned for PHENIX and STAR; Yellow ring polarization maintained with crippled snake
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	55	70	1.0	20	6×10³⁰	4×10³⁰	0.6
	Average store polarization: 39% in Blue, 30% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	1.0	2.0
	STAR	1.0	2.5
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.6
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.4
	pp2pp (IR2)	10.0	< 0.1	special run 05/19/2004 - 05/21/2004
	Time in store: 41% of calendar time (last 23 days of physics operation)

	Mode 1: d at 100.7 GeV/nucleon on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-3 d-Au web site]
	Summary article: T. Satogata, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R.P. Fliller III, G. Ganetis, C. Gardner, J.W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, U. Iriso-Ariz, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, R. Michnoff, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, and D. Trbojevic, "Commissioning of the RHIC deuteron-gold collisions", proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, USA (2003).
	Beam operation: 12/03/2002 - 03/24/2003 (111 days total, 71 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: first asymmetric collisions; injection with equal revolution frequency (found strong effects from modulated beam-beam interaction with injection with equal rigidity); first operation with 110 bunches (lead to unacceptable vacuum and subsequent background problems); Landau cavity in Blue ring for deuterons (one of the storage cavities); coherence monitor
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [nb^-1]
	55	110d / 0.7Au	2.0	13 → 25	7×10²⁸	3×10²⁸	4.6
	injection: γ = 11.663 (both beams)			store: γ = 107.396 (both beams)
	Note: Injection with same rigidity for both beams, and thus different revolution frequencies, lead to unacceptable beam lifetime due to modulated beam-beam interaction.
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [nb^-1]
	PHENIX	2.0	24.2
	STAR	2.0	19.7
	BRAHMS	2.0, 3.0	15.8
	PHOBOS	2.0, 4.0, 3.0	13.4
	Time in store: 32% of calendar time (last 27 days of physics operation)


Run-2 CY2001/02 FY2001/02	Retreat after Run-2, 03/05/2002 - 03/07/2002, Montauk [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p on polarized p at 100.2 GeV particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Summary article: T. Roser, L. Ahrens, J. Alessi, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, J.M. Brennan, K.A. Brown, G. Bunce, P. Cameron, E.D. Courant, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R. Fliller III, W. Glenn, H. Huang, A.U. Luccio, W.W. MacKay, Y. Makdisi, C. Montag, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, A. Zelenski, K. Zeno, A. Deshpande, K. Kurita, K. Krueger, H. Spinka, D. Underwood, M. Syphers, I. Alekseev, D. Svirida, V. Ranjbar, J. Tojo, O. Jinnouchi, M. Okamura and N. Saito, "First polarized proton collisions at RHIC", Workshop on Increasing the AGS Polarization, University of Michigan (2002).
	Beam operation: 11/28/2001 - 01/25/2002 (58 days)
	Run Coordinator: Waldo MacKay
	Major accomplishments and events: all 4 Siberian snakes commissioned; first ever collisions of polarized proton beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [pb^-1]
	55	70	3.0	25	2×10³⁰	1×10³⁰	0.3
	Average store polarization: 12% in Blue, 17% in Yellow
	injection: γ = 25.936		store: γ = 106.831, Gγ = 191.5
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [pb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.35
	STAR	3.0	0.47
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.30
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.30
	pp2pp	10.0	< 0.001	special run 01/24/2002 - 01/25/2002 (4 shifts)
	Time in store: 30% of calendar time (last 24 days of physics operation)

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 9.8 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Beam operation: 11/25/2001 - 11/26/2001 (3 shifts total, 2 shifts for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Todd Satogata
	Major accomplishments and events: set-up of collisions at injection in 6 hours, average refill times of less than 10 min
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	55	0.6	3.0	15	8×10²⁴	2×10²⁴	1
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 10.520
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	0.1
	STAR	3.0	0.1
	BRAHMS	3.0	0.1
	PHOBOS	3.0	0.1
	Time in store: (only hours of physics operation)

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 100.0 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-2 web site]
	Summary article: D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, J. Beebe-Wang, M. Blaskiewicz, J.M. Brennan, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, A. Drees, W. Fischer, R. Fliller III, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, H. Huang, J. Kewisch, W.W. MacKay, A. Marusic, C. Montag, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, K. Smith, S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, and J. van Zeijts, "Commissioning of RHIC at 100 GeV/nucleon", proceedings of the 2002 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Paris, France (2002).
	Beam operation: 05/24/2001 - 11/25/2001 (185 days total, 111 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Dejan Trbojevic
	Major accomplishments and events: first Au-Au collisions at full energy; luminosity reached design value (2·10²⁶cm^-2s^-1 average per store); γ_t-jump commissioned; octupoles for transition crossing; β-squeeze along the energy ramp; β^* at PHENIX reduced to 1 m; operated with 1.8 mrad total crossing angle at BRHAMS (later reduced to 0.9 mrad); storage cavities commissioned; gap cleaning introduced; Landau cavities tested; electronic logbook introduced
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	55	0.6	1.0	15 → 40	4×10²⁶	1.5×10²⁶	24
	injection: γ = 10.520		store: γ = 107.396
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0, 2.0, 1.0	93
	STAR	3.0, 2.0	59
	BRAHMS	3.0, 2.0	44
	PHOBOS	3.0, 2.0	62
	Time in store: 26% of calendar time (last 21 days of physics operation)


Run-1 CY2000 FY2000	Retreat after Run-1, 11/16/2000 - 11/17/2000, University at Stony Brook [Retreat web site]
	Mode 2: polarized p at 24.3 GeV and 25.1 GeV particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Summary article: W. MacKay, L. Ahrens, M. Bai, G. Bunce, E. Courant, A. Deshpande, A. Drees, W. Fischer, H. Huang, K. Kurita, A. Lehrach, A. Luccio, Y. Makdisi, F. Pilat, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, N. Saito, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. van Zeijts, BNL; H. Spinka, D. Underwood ANL; D. Svirida, I. Alekseev, V. Kanavets ITEP, Moscow; B. Lozowski, V. Ranjbar, Indiana University; J. Tojo, K. Imai Kyoto University; D. Fields, University of New Mexico, "Commissioning and future plans for polarized protons in RHIC", proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL, USA (2001).
	Beam operation: 09/07/2000 - 09/19/2000 (12 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: one Siberian snake commissioned in Blue ring; proton-Carbon CNI polarimeters commissioned; polarized beam stored and accelerated from Gγ = 46.5 to Gγ = 48; used working point (0.11,0.13)
	injection: γ = 25.936

	Mode 1B: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 65.2 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Summary article: D. Trbojevic, L. Ahrens, M. Blaskiewicz, M. Brennan, M. Bai, P. Cameron, J. Cardona, R. Connolly, J. DeLong, A. Drees, R.P. Fliller, W. Fischer, G. Ganetis, W. Glenn, H. Hahn, T. Hayes, A. Lehrach, W. MacKay, J. Kewisch, S. Peggs, V. Ptitsyn, T. Roser, T. Satogata, T. Shea, K. Smith. S. Tepikian, N. Tsoupas, and J. van Zeijts, "Commissioning of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider", proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference, Chicago, IL, USA (2001).
	Beam operation: 06/13/2000 - 09/02/2000 (81 days total, 37 days for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: first collisions at higher energies; first use of collimators
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	56	0.5	3.0	15	3×10²⁵	1.7×10²⁵	4
	injection: γ = 10.250 (not a typo)			store: γ = 70.000
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	7
	STAR	3.0	7
	BRAHMS	8.0	3
	PHOBOS	8.0	3

	Mode 1A: ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ on ¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 27.9 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-1 web site]
	Beam operation: 03/20/2000 - 06/13/2000 (86 days total, last 3 shifts for physics)
	Run Coordinator: Thomas Roser
	Major accomplishments and events: first acceleration of both beams; transition crossing with fast radial change; first collisions of gold beams
	Achieved beam parameters:
	no of bunches	ions/bunch [10⁹]	β^* [m]	emittance [μm]	L_peak [cm^-2s^-1]	L_store avg [cm^-2s^-1]	L_week [μb^-1]
	6	0.1	3.0	15	0.001	<0.001	0.003
	injection: γ = 10.250 (not a typo)			store: γ = 30.000
	Total delivered integrated luminosities:
	experiment	β^* [m]	luminosity [μb^-1]
	PHENIX	3.0	<0.001
	STAR	3.0	<0.001
	BRAHMS	3.0	<0.001
	PHOBOS	3.0	<0.001


Run-0 CY1999 FY1999	Retreat after Run-0, 09/16/2000 - 09/17/2000, University at Stony Brook [Retreat web site]
	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Run-0 web site]
	Beam operation: 06/07/1999 - 08/16/1999 (70 days total)
	Run Coordinator: Steve Peggs
	Major accomplishments and events: beam stored in Blue ring for 45 min; beam stored in Yellow ring for thousands of turns; beam accelerated in Blue ring by 1 GeV/nucleon
	injection: γ = 12.09		store: γ = 12.09


Sextant Test CY1997/98 FY1997	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.3 GeV/nucleon particle energy [Sextant Test web site]
	Summary papers: J. Wei, W. Fischer, L. Ahrens, J. M. Brennan, K. Brown, R. Connolly, G. F. Dell, M. Harrison, J. Kewisch, W. W. MacKay, V. Mane, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, P. Thompson, C. G. Trahern, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, "RHIC sextant test - physics and performance", proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada (1997). F. Pilat, L. Ahrens, K. Brown, R Connolly, G.F. Dell, W. Fischer, J. Kewisch, W. MacKay, V. Mane, S. Peggs, T. Satogata, S. Tepikian, P. Thompson, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Wei, "RHIC sextant test - accelerator systems and performance", proceedings of the 1997 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada (1997).
	Beam operation: 12/09/1997 - 02/02/1998 (55 days total)
	Test Coordinator: Steve Peggs
	Major accomplishments and events: transported Yellow beam to end of sector 4 arc; tested instrumentation; measured beam and line properties
	injection: γ = 12.15


AtR Test CY1995 FY1995	¹⁹⁷Au⁷⁹⁺ at 11.7 GeV/nucleon particle energy [AtR Test web site]
	Summary paper: W.W. MacKay, L. Ahrens, M. Brennan, K. Brown. T. Clifford, R. Connolly, F. Dell, D.P. Deng, L. Hoff, J. Kewisch, G. Kaldonado, B. Martin, R. Olsen, S. Peggs, F. Pilat, T. Robinson, S. Sathe, T. Satogata, D. Shea, T.J. Shea, M. Tanaka, P. Thompson, S. Tepikian, C.G. Trahern, D. Trbojevic, N. Tsoupas, J. Wei, R. Witkover, P. Zhou, "AGS to RHIC transfer line - design and commissioning", proceedings of the 1996 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Sitges, Spain (1996).
	Beam operation: 11/06/1995 - 12/19/1995 (43 days total)
	Test Coordinator: Waldo MacKay
	Major accomplishments and events: transported beam to W-dump; tested instrumentation; measured beam and line properties
	injection: γ = 12.6